Performance of a multidisciplinary robotic surgery program at a university hospital (2012-2022).

Robotic-assisted surgery has become widely adopted for its ability to expand the indications for minimally invasive procedures. This technology aims to improve precision, accuracy, and outcomes while reducing complications, blood loss, and recovery time. Successful implementation of a robotic surgery program requires careful initial design and a focus on maintenance and expansion to maximize its benefits. This article presents a comprehensive study conducted at a University Hospital on the robotic surgery program from December 2012 to December 2022. Data from hospital databases, including patient demographics, surgical department, surgical time, operating room occupancy, and primary diagnosis, were analyzed. The analysis covered various time periods (surgical sessions, weeks, months, and years) to assess the program's evolution over time. Over the 10-year period, a total of 1847 robotic-assisted interventions were performed across five surgical services. Urology accounted for 57% of the cases, general surgery 17%, gynecology 16%, otorhinolaryngology 6%, and thoracic surgery 4%. The most frequently performed procedures included robotic prostatectomies (643 cases), hysterectomies (261 cases), and colposacropexies (210 cases). The weekly volume of interventions showed a notable increase, rising from 2 cases per week in 2013-2014 cases in 2022. Moreover, the average surgical duration per intervention exhibited a progressive decrease from 275 min in 2013 to 184 min in 2022. This study highlights the potential of a well-managed robotic surgery program as a viable alternative to conventional surgical approaches. Effective coordination and resource utilization contribute to the program's efficiency. The findings underscore the successful integration of robotic-assisted surgery in diverse surgical specialties.

Metástasis en mama de melanoma maligno cutáneo / Breast metastases from cutaneous malignant melanoma

Las metástasis en mama desde tumores primarios extramamarios suponen el 2% de todos los tumores malignos de la mama (linfomas y melanomas malignos son los más frecuentes), y pueden simular tumores primarios tanto clínica como radiológicamente. El pronóstico de pacientes con metástasis de mama de tumores sólidos en general es malo (el 80% mueren antes de un año). El tratamiento más aceptado es la escisión simple, por lo que conocer, previamente a la cirugía, la procedencia metastásica del nódulo impedirá una cirugía demasiado agresiva que no va a mejorar el pronóstico. Presentamos un caso de metástasis de mama de un melanoma maligno cutáneo diagnosticado en piel de costado derecho (extirpado 3 años antes) (AU)

Breast metastases from extramammary primary tumors account for 2% of all malignant breast tumors (the most common being lymphoma and malignant melanoma) and can mimic primary breast carcinoma clinically and radiologically. The prognosis of patients with metastases to the breast from solid tumors is generally poor, with 80% dying in the first year. The most widely accepted treatment is simple excision. Consequently, determining the source of metastases prior to surgery avoids further surgical procedures that will not improve prognosis. We present a case of metastases from malignant cutaneous melanoma to the breast diagnosed in the right thoracic wall and surgically excised 3 years previously (AU)

Carcinoma ductal in situ, ¿factor de riesgo de mastectomía? / Ductal carcinoma in situ: a risk factor for mastectomy?

Objetivo. Conocer las características histológicas e inmuno-histoquímicas de los carcinomas ductales in situ (CDIS) que pudieran influir en el estado de los márgenes en la primera cirugía, y el tratamiento quirúrgico finalmente realizado en los CDIS. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo de los 485 diagnosticados en los años 2003, 2004 y 2005, en el Servicio de Ginecología del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, 54 de los cuales (11,1%) fueron carcinomas ductales in situ (CDIS) y 280 (57,7%) ductales infiltrantes. Resultados. Solamente un 10% de CDIS fueron palpables. Los CDIS supusieron la cuarta parte de los carcinomas diagnosticados mediante biopsia con arpón. Los bordes estuvieron afectos en la primera cirugía de intención conservadora en el 50% de CDIS y solo en el 34% de carcinomas ductales infiltrantes (CDI), por lo que las segundas y terceras cirugías (por bordes persistentemente afectos) fueron más frecuentes en CDIS que en CDI. En CDIS, los grados histológicos altos se relacionaron con más bordes afectados, más resultados positivos en reescisiones y más mastectomías. La tasa de mastectomía en CDIS (43%) fue mayor que en CDI diagnosticados mediante arpón (27%), y similar a la de CDI considerados globalmente (41%). Conclusiones. El cribado mamográfico ha permitido un aumento de detección de CDIS, pero en ocasiones es difícil conseguir márgenes libres en ellos. Esto lleva a la aparente paradoja de tener que realizar mastectomía en CDIS, cuando en CDI podemos permitir cirugía conservadora sin empeorar el pronóstico (AU)

Objective. To determine the histological or immunohistochemical characteristics of ductal carcinomas in situ (DCIS) that could influence margin status at first surgery and at final surgery. Material and methods. We retrospectively studied the 485 breast carcinomas diagnosed in 2003, 2004 and 2005 at the Doce de Octubre Hospital (Madrid), of which 54 (11.1%) were DCIS and 280 (57.7%) were invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). Results. Only 10% of DCIS were palpable. DCIS represented 25% of all carcinomas diagnosed by mammographic wire-guided biopsy. We found positive margins on first breast-conserving surgery in 50% of DCIS and in 34% of IDC. Consequently, a second or even a third intervention (for persistently involved margins) was more frequent in DCIS than in IDC. In DCIS higher histological grades were associated with more frequent margin involvement and a higher rate of re-excision with positive margins and mastectomy. The mastectomy rate in DCIS (43%) was higher than that in IDC diagnosed by mammographic wire-guided biopsy (27%), and was similar to that in IDC overall (41%). Conclusions. Mammographic screening programs have improved the detection of DCIS, but clear margins are sometimes difficult to achieve in this entity, leading to the paradox that women with palpable IDC are able to undergo breast-conserving surgery without compromising prognosis, whereas a mammographically detected DCIS requires mastectomy (AU)

Cáncer inflamatorio de mama. Factores pronósticos relacionados con la enfermedad / Inflammatory breast cancer. Prognostic value of disease-related factors

Objetivo: Analizar en los cánceres inflamatorios de mama (inflammatory breast carcinoma [IBC]), diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro hospital, el significado pronóstico de los factores relacionados con la enfermedad. Sujetos y métodos: Este análisis retrospectivo incluye 40 pacientes con IBC, sin metástasis al inicio, diagnosticadas en nuestra consulta entre 1991 y 2004, con criterio clínico y patológico de IBC. Resultados: Se observa una mejor respuesta, estadísticamente significativa, a la quimioterapia (QT) neoadyuvante en tumores con receptores hormonales positivos. Asimismo, la afectación clínica de la axila, la invasión de más de 4 ganglios y la ausencia de respuesta a la QT son determinantes de un mayor riesgo de recidiva. Conclusiones: Se confirma la importancia de la respuesta a la QT neoadyuvante como factor pronóstico. Son necesarios más estudios para determinar la pauta terapéutica más adecuada en el IBC

Objectives: To analyze the possible prognostic value of disease-related factors in inflammatory breast carcinomas (IBC) diagnosed and treated in our hospital. Subjects and methods: This retrospective analysis included 40 patients with non-metastatic IBC diagnosed in our service between 1991 and 2004, with both clinical and pathological criteria of IBC. Results: Treatment response was significantly better in tumors with positive hormone receptor status. Axillary invasion, involvement of more than 4 nodes, and lack of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy were determinants of a high risk of recurrence. Conclusions: Our data suggest that response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an important prognostic factor. Further studies are required to determine the most appropriate treatment of IBC